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- $Unique_ID{BRK03230}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{methylphenidate}
- $Subject{hydrochloride Ciba Ritalin Ritalin-SR Adrenergic methylphenidate
- central nervous system brain spinal cord stimulant mental alertness decreases
- fatigue narcolepsy sleep attacks mild depression abnormal behavioral syndrome
- children hyperkinetic attention deficit disorder}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Ritalin*0323001.scf}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- methylphenidate
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- methylphenidate hydrochloride (various manufacturers)
- Ritalin (Ciba)
- Ritalin-SR (Ciba)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Adrenergic
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- methylphenidate
-
- DOSAGE FORMS
-
- Tablets (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg)
- Sustained-release tablets (20 mg)
-
- STORAGE
-
- Methylphenidate should be stored at room temperature in tightly closed,
- light-resistant containers.
-
- USES
-
- Methylphenidate is a central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
- stimulant that increases mental alertness and decreases fatigue. It is used
- in the treatment of narcolepsy (a disorder involving uncontrollable desires to
- sleep or actual sleep attacks that occur in a rapid and unpredictable manner),
- mild depression, and abnormal behavioral syndrome in children (hyperkinetic
- syndrome or attention deficit disorder). The way this medication works in
- abnormal behavioral syndrome in children is not clearly understood.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- In order to avoid stomach upset, you can take methylphenidate with food
- or with a full glass of water or milk (unless your doctor directs you to do
- otherwise).
- If methylphenidate is being used to treat narcolepsy or abnormal
- behavioral syndrome in children, the first dose should be taken soon after
- awakening.
- In order to avoid difficulty in falling asleep, the last dose of the
- regular tablets should be taken four to six hours before bedtime each day (the
- sustained-release tablets should be taken at least eight hours before
- bedtime).
- The sustained-release tablets should be swallowed whole. Chewing,
- crushing, or breaking these tablets destroys their sustained-release activity
- and may increase the side effects.
- If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as possible, unless it
- is almost time for your next dose. In that case, do not take the missed dose;
- just return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the next dose.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, insomnia,
- loss of appetite, nausea, nervousness, vomiting, or weakness. These side
- effects should disappear as your body adjusts to the medication.
- Dry mouth can be relieved by sucking on ice chips or a piece of hard
- candy or by chewing sugarless gum.
- If you feel dizzy, sit or lie down for a while; get up from a sitting or
- lying position slowly, and be careful on stairs.
-
- Major.
-
- Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
- particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- chest pain, fever, hair loss, hallucinations, hives, joint pain, mood changes,
- palpitations, rash, seizures, sore throat, uncoordinated movements, or
- bleeding or bruising.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- Methylphenidate interacts with several other types of medications:
- 1. Use of it within 14 days of a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (such
- as isocarboxazid, pargyline, phenelzine, tranylcypromine) can result in severe
- high blood pressure.
- 2. Methylphenidate can decrease the blood-pressure-lowering effects of
- antihypertensive medications (especially guanethidine).
- 3. Acetazolamide and sodium bicarbonate can decrease the elimination of
- methylphenidate from the body, thereby prolonging its action and increasing
- the risk of side effects.
- 4. Methylphenidate can decrease the elimination and increase the side
- effects of oral anticoagulants (blood thinners, such as warfarin), tricyclic
- antidepressants (such as amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, and
- nortriptyline), anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, and
- primidone), and phenylbutazone.
- Before starting to take this medication, BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR
- about any medications you are currently taking, especially any of those listed
- above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to
- any medications, especially to methylphenidate.
- * Tell your doctor if you have ever had epilepsy, glaucoma, high blood
- pressure, motor tics, Tourette's syndrome, anxiety, agitation, depression, or
- tension.
- * Methylphenidate can mask the symptoms of extreme fatigue and can cause
- dizziness. Your ability to perform tasks that require alertness, such as
- driving a car or operating potentially dangerous machinery, may be decreased.
- Appropriate caution should, therefore, be taken. A child taking
- methylphenidate should be careful while engaging in physical activity.
- * Before having surgery or any other medical or dental treatment, be sure
- to tell your doctor that you are taking this medication.
- * Methylphenidate is related to amphetamine and may be habit-forming when
- taken for long periods of time (both physical and psychological dependence can
- occur). You should not increase the dosage of this medication or take it for
- longer than the prescribed time unless you first consult your doctor. It is
- also important that you not stop taking this medication abruptly; fatigue,
- sleep disorders, mental depression, nausea, vomiting, or stomach cramps or
- pain could occur. Your doctor may want to decrease the dosage gradually in
- order to prevent these side effects.
- * Methylphenidate can slow growth in children. Therefore, if this
- medication is being taken by a child, your doctor may recommend drug-free
- periods during school holidays and summer vacations. Growth spurts often
- occur during these drug-free periods.
- * Children may be more sensitive to certain side effects such as loss of
- appetite, stomach pain, trouble sleeping, and weight loss.
- * If cocaine is being used now or was used in the past, taking
- methylphenidate may cause severe nervousness, irritability, trouble sleeping,
- or possibly irregular heartbeat or seizures.
- * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Effects of this drug
- during pregnancy have not been thoroughly studied in either humans or animals.
- Also, tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding an infant. Small amounts of
- methylphenidate may pass into breast milk.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-